Cirrhosis and Encephalopathy

OVERVIEW

WHAT CAN I DO  AT HOME TO PREVENT MORE LIVER INJURY?

WHAT TREATMENTS SHOULD I DISCUSS WITH MY DOCTOR?

WHAT RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE TO HELP ME?

Hepatic encephalopathy is a condition in which the liver is unable to effectively metabolize and remove toxins from the blood. This results in the accumulation of these toxins in the brain, leading to a range of neurological symptoms. The management of hepatic encephalopathy requires a multi-faceted approach, as there is no single treatment that can fully cure the condition. However, the following steps can help to manage symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.

1. Dietary changes: Patients with hepatic encephalopathy should reduce their intake of protein and salt, as these substances can further stress the liver and worsen symptoms. A high-carbohydrate diet is often recommended to help remove toxins from the body.

2. Lactulose: Lactulose is a type of sugar that can help to reduce the levels of toxic substances in the blood. This medication can be taken orally and is typically given several times a day.

3. Antibiotics: Antibiotics can be used to reduce the levels of bacteria in the gut, which can help to reduce the production of toxic substances. Rifaximin is a commonly used antibiotic for this purpose.

4. Liver support medications: Medications such as ornithine phenylacetate and branched-chain amino acids can help to support liver function and reduce the symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy.

5. Avoiding triggers: Certain substances and activities can worsen symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy. Patients should avoid alcohol, sedatives, and large meals that can put a strain on the liver.

6. Monitoring for complications: Patients with hepatic encephalopathy should be regularly monitored for signs of complications, such as high blood pressure, fluid buildup, and infections. If any of these symptoms occur, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible.

In summary, the management of hepatic encephalopathy requires a multi-pronged approach that involves dietary changes, medications, and lifestyle modifications. With the right treatment and monitoring, patients with this condition can effectively manage their symptoms and avoid complications.